“The translational potential of this work is truly exciting: it means we don’t have to worry about creating ‘digital twins’ to test therapeutic interventions,” comments Professor Friston. In other words, the cells were able to self-organize to complete a goal, using what the researchers defined as synthetic biological intelligence. The team discovered that DishBrain’s ability to extend a rally improved significantly over the course of just five minutes.
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“Remarkably, the cultures learned how to make their world more predictable by acting upon it." “The beautiful and pioneering aspect of this work rests on equipping the neurons with sensations - the feedback - and crucially the ability to act on their world,” says Professor Karl Friston, a co-author of the new study from University College London. Since the cells were inclined to make their environment predictable, they worked to understand the game and prolong the pong rally. Conversely, if the neurons were able to move the paddle to successfully deflect the ball, then a predictable electrical stimulus was applied to all of the cells at once, after which the game continued in a predictable way. The team implemented the theory by hitting the dish with an unpredictable electrical stimulus when the paddle failed to intercept the ball, after which the virtual ball would set off again on a random vector. Instead, the team turned to a scientific theory known as the ‘free energy principle’ which asserts that cells like neurons will do what they can to reduce the unpredictability in their environment. Ordinarily, dopamine is released by the brain to reward a correct action, and this in turn encourages a subject to act in a specific way. However, training the model brain to correctly move the paddle was challenging. More specifically, the activity of cells in two defined regions of the dish was gathered and used to move a virtual paddle up and down. They were able to tell the cells which side of the court the ball was on using electrical signals, and the frequency of these signals was used to indicate its direction, and how far away the ball was from passing through an invisible wall to score.Īccording to a press release from the Australian site Science in Public, feedback from the electrodes was also used to teach the model brain how to return the ball.
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The team used a series of electrodes to create their virtual pong court. More specifically, they wanted to see if they could get the myriad cells to act as one, and successfully play the tennis game, Pong. In a new study published in the journal Neuron, scientists took DishBrain and attempted to make the cells act in an intelligent, coordinated way to complete a task. But in truth, we don’t really understand how the brain works.” “That is usually based on our current understanding of information technology, such as silicon computing. Brett Kagan, lead author of the new study and Chief Scientific Officer at Cortical Labs. “In the past, models of the brain have been developed according to how computer scientists think the brain might work,” comments Dr. In effect, DishBrain, as the team calls it, is a relatively simplistic living model of part of a living brain. This array is capable of tracking the behavior of the 800,000 cells, and of applying electric stimulation to prompt activity in them.
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